Theotokos

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Church at 5th century gave the title to Virgin Mary “Theotokos”. Nestorius did not accept this title Theotokos, but he uses the title Christokos (bearer of Christ). He said so because God could not have Human parents. Mary as a human cannot bear God, but the Mary bearer of Christ. So there was a great dispute and a council were called in 431 A.D at Ephesus, known as the council of Ephesus headed by Cyril. Cyril was a representative of Alexandrian theology. Cyril follows an Alexandrian theology wanted to make use this opportunity to humiliate the Antiochian school. His main task/concern was to condemn Nestorianism. Also, there was a hard discussion on the title “Theotokos”. And in this council Nestorius was condemned as heretic and the title “Theotokos” was continued to use. The conflict with Nestorius led to another clash between the Alexandrian and Antiochian schools.

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Difference between Apostolic Fathers and Church Fathers

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The apostolic fathers were the follower of the apostles; they were either known the apostles and the  immediate disciples of the apostle. They represent the writings of those who were still alive during the  lifetime of N.T apostles, or they were contemporary of the apostles. They were men who knew the  apostles and apostolic doctrine continue the task of writing Christian literature. These men were known  as the apostolic fathers. While the church fathers were the title given to bishop in 2nd and 3rd centuries to describe the orthodox  champion of the church and the exponent of the faith, and defender of the Christian faith. The writings of apostolic fathers must be distinguished from N.T Apocrypha because of two points:  Their writings are rooted in the historical situation of the church;  They are generally orthodox rather than Gnostic. The apostolic fathers wrote what was devotional and edifying the church, but the apologist product  literature that defended the faith. The fathers
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